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조직행동론 Organizational Behavior
Chapter. Leadership
- universal leardership traits model : everywhere everytime
- Some Purported Traits : Physical characteristics, Social background, Intellectual ability (smart enough), Personality
- Some Promising Traits: Energy level, Self-confidence, Need for achievement, Need for power
- contemporary universal trait model
- transactional leaders: Focus on self-interest through exchange with the organization (the Path-Goal Model is an example)
- transformational leaders : Focus on development of trust, confidence, admiration, loyalty, and commitment. This is an inspirational leader (very fast most, not incremental) with High self-confidence, Articulates a vision, Assumes personal risk to pursue vision, Uses unconventional strategies, Perceives self as change agent
- universal leardership behaviors model
- 두 가지 종류의 행동이 있음
- Initiating Structure Behavior: The degree to which a leader clarifies and defines roles for followers
- Consideration Behavior: The degree to which a leader attends to the welfare, comfort, needs, and satisfaction of followers
- universal behaviors example: Managerial Grid
- situation contingent leadership trait model
- (1) stable leader characteristics, (2) Find important situational characteristics
- ⇒ (3) match between leader and situation
- ex. fiedler’s contingency model
- Key Leader Trait : Relationship vs. task orientation
- Key Situational Characteristics : Degree to which the leader or followers have control over the situation (=situational favorableness)
- leader situation matches & performance
- “situational favorableness” measured by
- Leader-member relations
- Task structure
- Leader position power
- situation contingent leadership behavior model
- Logic
- Help followers perform effectively by providing direction
- Make rewards (thus, satisfaction) contingent on performance
- Be perceived as instrumental in obtaining satisfaction (rewards)
- EX. Evans & House’s Path-Goal Model
- key leader behaviors
- Directive (initiating structure)
- Supportive (consideration)
- Achievement-oriented (creating and defining challenges and opportunities to succeed)
- Participative (involving followers in problem-solving and decision-making)
- situational characteristics
- Followers
- Locus of control (internal vs external)–Need for achievement
- Task-related ability
- Authoritarianism (high vs low)
- Environmental
- Formal authority (does leader have authority?)
- Primary work group
- Nature of task (structuring? rewarding?)
- Followers
- Logic
<selection and training>
- universal trait model
- 1단계) 중요한 traits을 identify → find people with these traits
- 2단계) 그들을 leader로 임명 → encourage leaders to exhibit that traits
- universal behavior model
- 1단계)중요한 traits을 identify → find people with these behaviors
- 2-i) 그들을 leader로 임명
- 2-ii) teach leaders to behave appropriately → encourage leader to behave appropriately
- situation contingent traits model
- 1단계)중요한 situation characteristics 평가 → 중요한 trait을 평가
- 2-i) place leader into situations where traits will be effective
- 2-ii) re-engineer situation → current leaders’ traits become effective
- situation contingent behavior model
- variety of options, most complex one
- 1단계) Assess characteristics of followers (e.g., personality) & Assess characteristics of the environment (e.g., task structure, authority, group factors)
- 2-i) 해당 상황에 적합하게 행동하는 그들을 leader로 임명
- 2-ii) 해당 상황에서 어떻게 행동해야할지 리더를 가르치고 트레이닝 하기 (teaching and training leaders)
- 2-iii) 상황을 리더의 행동에 적합하게 바꾸기 (change situation, situation fit better to given managers)
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